CABLE
The cable with the twist is attached to drive A (primary drive). This drive is always the one that the OS looks to for a bootable disk.
DB-9 = Serial Cable (DB stands for Data Bus)
Serial Cable length = maximum of 50 feet
Serial Ports are almost always male ports, also known as RS-232 (RS stands for Reference Standard).
DB-25 = Parallel Cable
Parallel cables should never be longer than about 15 feet to ensure data integrity.
Parallel Cable length = maximum of 6 feet
Parallel Ports are almost always female ports.
10base5 - thick coax cable, length = 500 meters
10base2 - thin coax cable,
length = 185 meters
10baseT - Unshielded Twisted Pair, length = 100 meters
Cat 5 length = maximum of 328 feet
RJ 45 Cable Length from:
Switch/Hub to Switch/Hub = 100 m/328 ft.
Hub to Hub = 5 m/16.4 ft.
Switch/Hub to Workstation = 100 m/328 ft.
RJ 45 Color Chart
Wire 1 = White with an Orange stripe
Wire 2 = Orange
Wire 3 = White with a Green stripe
Wire 4 = Blue
The cable with the twist is attached to drive A (primary drive). This drive is always the one that the OS looks to for a bootable disk.
DB-9 = Serial Cable (DB stands for Data Bus)
DB-25 = Parallel Cable
Parallel cables should never be longer than about 15 feet to ensure data integrity.
Serial Ports are almost always male ports, also known as RS-232 (RS stands for Reference Standard).
Parallel Ports are almost always female ports.
10base5 – thick coax cable, length = 500 meters
10base2 – thin coax cable, length = 200 meters
10baseT – Unshielded Twisted Pair,
length = 100 meters
Attrib Commands
C:\ attrib +r ECLJ.txt
(sets read-only attrib )
C:\ attrib -r ECLJ.txt
( disables read-only mode )
C:\ attrib +a ECLJ.txt
( sets the archieve attrib )
C:\ attrib -a ECLJ.txt
(clears the archieve attrib )
C:\ attrib +h ( hides )
C:\ attrib -h ( shows )
To hide any folder
C:\attrib +h +s +r name of folder
To unhide the folder
C:\ attrib -h -s -r name of folder
Use attrib –r –a –s –h (to unhide hidden viruses)
Comment Lines
You can change a line in an .INI file into a comment line by putting a semi-colon ( ; ) at the beginning of the line. Semi-colon also works in CONFIG.SYS
REM COMMAND
Enables you to include comments in a Batch file or in Config.sys file. REM command is also useful for disabling commands.
Disable BIOS Password
To clear the CMOS, do the ff:
Get DOS & type:
DEBUG <enter>
-o 70 2e <enter>
-o 71 ff <enter>
-q <enter>
exit <enter>
Restart computer
How to restore PC to factory settings tutorial:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JowXnzXT3Js
To restore Windows 7 to factory settings
To Save Data
Click Start Menu
Search box: type “windows easy transfer”
Click on it
Click Next
Select Transfer to external hard drive
Which computer are you using now? Select = This is my OLD computer
Calculating size of files to be transferred
Click Next
It will now ask where you want files to be saved
Plug in your portable USB hard drive
Back up drive will now display on screen
Click on it
Click Save
Saving files on portable hard drive
Wait until all files have been saved
Click Next
Your Transfer files is complete
Click Next
Windows Easy Transfer is complete on this computer
Click Close
Disconnect portable USB hard drive
-------------------------
Restart PC & tap F8
Select Repair Your Computer
System recovery options: Keyboard option = US
Click Next
Username: tony
Pass: xxxx
System recovery options: Select Dell DataSafe Restore & Emergency Backup
On next screen: Select other system backup & more options
Click Next
On next screen: Select Restore my computer
Click Next
Next screen shows “Factory Image”
Select or highlight “Factory Image”
Click Next
Click Next
Next screen shows: Restore My Computer
Tick Yes, continue
Click Next
Reformatting hard drive & reinstalling your selected system backup
Click Restart
Open folder BackUp
Click on Backup files
Next screen shows: Choose what to transfer to this computer
Click Transfer
Next screen: Your transfer is complete
Keep computer turned on for Windows updates to be downloaded & installed
How to access Administrator account in Windows 7 &/or Windows 8
(Activating or Deactivating Administrator Account)
Open command prompt as administrator
C:\Windows\system32: type “net user administrator /active:yes”
C:\Windows\system32: type “net user administrator /active:no”
How to access set up (BIOS) in Windows 8
Go to command prompt
Type: shutdown.exe /r /o
PC will reboot & select the option to go to BIOS
How to manually delete viruses (Windows XP)
Go to Task Manager & check for any unusual or unfamiliar applications that are running. If you locate something, then hit the “End Process”
-------------------------------
Run CMD
Go to root drive by typing: cd\
C:\> type netstat –b (you will see which applications are running eg. Firefox.exe)
C:\> type netstat –ano (you will see “established IP addresses & PID”
Open Task Manager, go to Processes & cross check PID with the ones on CMD
Then go to location of infected files, example: cd\Windows\system32
Locate the infected files or viruses
Use attrib –r –a –s –h (to unhide hidden viruses)
Delete files
-------------------------------
Run REGEDIT
Go to LOCAL MACHINE > SOFTWARE > MICROSOFT > WINDOWS > CURRENT VERSION > RUN & ALL OTHER RUN FOLDERS
Check for the infected files & delete
-------------------------------
Run MSCONFIG
Go to Start Up Menu & check for unusual or unfamiliar applications that are running
Remove unwanted/infected files.
-------------------------------
Run CMD
Use the following command to un-register the infected/unwanted files:
On Command Prompt, type: regsvr32 /u filename.xxx <enter>
Remove unwanted/infected files.
-------------------------------
Run CLEANMGR
Clean Temporary File Folders & Recycle Bin
-------------------------------
Open Windows Explorer
Go to User Name > Temp folder & delete files
Go to Windows > Temp folder & delete files
-------------------------------
DOS Command Prompt
IPCONFIG
To view detailed IP configuration information, open a command prompt and run the following command.
ipconfig /all
This command displays the current IP configuration and produces output.
To determine whether DHCP addressing was successful, open a command prompt and run the following command.
Ipconfig
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
Windows will stop using the current IPv4
address and attempt to contact a DHCP server for a new IPv4 address.
To release and renew an automatically assigned IPv6 address, open a command
prompt and run the following commands.
ipconfig /release6
ipconfig /renew6
Other Useful Commands
ping (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIicPE38O-s)
tracert
net
netstat
tasklist
taskkill
nslookup
systeminfo
getmac
shutdown
arp
assoc
driverquery
shutdown
pipe more ( | more)
How to access Administrator account
in Windows 7 &/or Windows 8
To View saved Wi-Fi passwords:
1. Open Command Prompt by right clicking on start and select “Command Prompt”
- Click on Start then type “ncpa.cpl” and then press Enter key to open Network Connections window.
- Once on Network Connections window, Double-click on the Wi-Fi icon to open Wi-Fi Status dialog
- Here, click Wireless Properties button. This will open Wireless Network Properties dialog.
- Click on the Security tab, check mark Show characters box to view your current Wi-Fi password
Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool
Press Windows key + R
Type: MRT <enter>
PC Frozen Fix
Press: Shift + Control + Win + B (to restart graphic drivers)
Malware Blocking Only
Primary DNS: 1.1.1.2
Secondary DNS: 1.0.0.2
Malware and Adult Content
Primary DNS: 1.1.1.3
Secondary DNS: 1.0.0.3
For IPv6 use:
Malware Blocking Only
Primary DNS: 2606:4700:4700::1112
Secondary DNS: 2606:4700:4700::1002
Malware and Adult Content
Primary DNS: 2606:4700:4700::1113
Secondary DNS: 2606:4700:4700::1003
Google Public DNS
Primary DNS: 8.8.8.8
Secondary DNS: 8.8.4.4
To boot to safe mode
If you need to exit safe mode, simply restart your device, or:
- Press the Windows logo key + R.
- Type msconfig in the Open box and then select OK.
- Select the Boot tab.
- Under Boot options, clear
the Safe boot checkbox.
Dell Inspiron 15R
F2 - to enter BIOS setup
Tab to BOOT
Select SECURE BOOT (by default it is set to ENABLED)
Change & set it to DISABLED
Save changes & exit
Tab to ADVANCE
USB Emulation is ENABLED (by default)
USB Wake Support is DISABLED (by default). Change & set it to ENABLED.
Save changes & exit
F12 - to enter boot options
Select CD/DVD or USB
How can I disable Secure Boot on a Dell Computer?
To disable Secure Boot, you should follow the steps below:
Step 1: Tap F2 or F12 key on the Dell logo or hold down F2 or F12 after you start up your Dell laptop (At this point the screen is still black.) You will now see the BIOS screen.
Step 2: Highlight the Boot tab with arrow keys, change the Secure Boot item to "Disabled".
Step 3: Afterwards, ensure that the Load Legacy Option Rom is "Enabled" and the Boot List Option is "Legacy"
Step 4: Switch to Exit tab, highlight Exit Saving Changes, and highlight Yes to save the BIOS settings.
Note: You can also press F10, select Yes, press Enter to save the settings.
The system will restart. At this time, you have disabled the Secure Boot function on your system successfully and you will be able to boot your PC from CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, USB flash drive, etc.
How to Boot to UEFI Firmware Settings from inside Windows 10 (Windows10 Settings)
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/5831-boot-uefi-firmware-settings-inside-windows-10-a.html
Check if you are using UEFI or BIOS on Windows
https://itsfoss.com/check-uefi-or-bios/#windows
Disable Secure Boot UEFI Windows 7/10
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCxoOyUQqUE&t=153s
Disabling Secure Boot - Re-enable Secure Boot
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/disabling-secure-boot
How to Enable or Disable Secure Boot on Windows 10 PC
https://www.tenforums.com/tutorials/85279-enable-disable-secure-boot-windows-10-pc.html
UEFI secure boot: Next generation booting or a controversial debate
https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2013/07/15/uefi-secure-boot-next-generation-booting-or-a-controversial-debate/
How to set up a repair disc
https://windowsreport.com/recovery-drive-vs-repair-disc/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QqjV9mD1Oy8
How to remove or terminate unwanted established connections
Open Command Prompt as administrator
Go to C:\> prompt
Type netstat -b <enter>
Will display name of executable files that are running & PID.
Look for possible harmful executable files that are running.
Type netstat -ano <enter>
See & take note of established connections.
Check suspicious executable files on Spywareguide.com for info.
To terminate suspicious executable files that are currently running,
C:\> Type taskkill /f /pid (numbers) or
C:\> Type taskkill /f /im chrome.exe
13 DOS commands you NEVER knew you NEEDED!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxgOuDOqNrw
Other Command Prompts commands:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MR16jVBPz0Y
PowerShell Commands:
Ping equivalent = Test-Connection 192.168.1.1
nslookup = Resolve-DNSName 192.168.1.1
ipconfig = Get-NetIPConfiguration
ipconfig/all = Get-NetIPConfiguration -Detailed
netstat = Get-NetTCPConnection
tracert = Test-NetConnection 192.168.1.1
5 Commands that can save your computer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ti36VnKXxEs&t=302s
a) Memory diagnostic check: Open command prompt, type mdsched
b) chkdsk /f (to fix)
chkdsk /r (to repair)
c) System file checker: sfc /scannow
d) dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
e) Winget upgrade --all
